Arsenic exposure and non-carcinogenic health effects
Macario Martínez‐Castillo, Eliud A. García-Montalvo, Mónica Griselda Arellano-Mendoza, Luz C. Sánchez-Peña, Luis Jasso, Jeannett A. Izquierdo‐Vega, Olga Lidia Valenzuela, Araceli Hernández‐Zavala
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is a serious health problem that affects more than 140 million individuals worldwide, mainly, through contaminated drinking water. Acute iAs poisoning produces several symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhea, whereas prolonged iAs exposure increased the risk of several malignant disorders such as lung, urinary tract, and skin tumors. Another sensitive endpoint less described of chronic iAs exposure are the non-malignant health effects in hepatic, endocrine, renal, neurological, hematological, immune, and cardiovascular systems. The present review outlines epidemiology evidence and possible molecular mechanisms associated with iAs-toxicity in several non-carcinogenic disorders.