Predictive nomograms for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma applying the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union Internationale Contre le Cancer 8th edition staging system
Deepak Balasubramanian, Narayana Subramaniam, Francesco Missale, Filippo Marchi, Yogesh Dokhe, Smitha N. Vijayan, Ajit Nambiar, Davide Mattavelli, Stefano Calza, Lorenzo Bresciani, Cesare Piazza, Piero Nicolai, Giorgio Peretti, Krishnakumar Thankappan, Subramania Iyer
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nomograms applying the 8th edition of the TNM staging system aimed at predicting overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS), locoregional recurrence-free (LRRFS) and distant recurrence-free survivals (DRFS) for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) are still lacking. METHODS: A training cohort of 438 patients with OTSCC was retrospectively enrolled from a single institution. An external validation set of 287 patients was retrieved from two independent institutions. RESULTS: Internal validation of the multivariable models for OS, DSS, DRFS and LRRFS showed a good calibration and discrimination results with optimism-corrected c-indices of 0.74, 0.75, 0.77 and 0.70, respectively. The external validation confirmed the good performance of OS, DSS and DRFS models (c-index 0.73 and 0.77, and 0.73, respectively) and a fair performance of the LRRFS model (c-index 0.58). CONCLUSIONS: The nomograms herein presented can be implemented as useful tools for prediction of OS, DSS, DRFS and LRRFS in OTSCC.