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Application of a Steady-state Accretion Disk Model to Spectrophotometry and High-resolution Spectra of Two Recent FU Ori Outbursts

Antonio C. Rodriguez, Lynne A. Hillenbrand

2022The Astrophysical Journal23 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

Abstract We apply a conventional accretion disk model to the FU Ori–type objects HBC 722 and Gaia 17bpi. Our base model is a steady-state, thin Keplerian disk featuring a modified Shakura–Sunyaev temperature profile, with each annulus radiating as an area-weighted spectrum given by a NextGen atmosphere at the appropriate temperature. We explore departures from the standard model by altering the temperature distribution in the innermost region of the disk to account for “boundary region”–like effects. We consider the overall spectral energy distribution as well as medium- and high-resolution spectra in evaluating best-fit models to the data. Parameter degeneracies are studied via a Markov Chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation technique. Allowing all parameters to vary, we find accretion rates for HBC 722 of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̇</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4.90</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>yr</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.40</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.99</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>dex</mml:mi> </mml:math> and for Gaia 17bpi of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̇</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.70</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>yr</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.36</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.46</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>dex</mml:mi> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> </mml:math> the corresponding maximum disk temperatures are <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7100</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>500</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>300</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> K and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7900</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>400</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>900</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> K, respectively. While the accretion rate of HBC 722 is on the same order as other FU Ori–type objects, Gaia 17bpi has a lower rate than previously reported as typical, commensurate with its lower luminosity. Alternate models that fix some disk or stellar parameters are also presented, with tighter confidence intervals on the remaining fitted parameters. In order to improve upon the somewhat large credible intervals for the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̇</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:math> values, and to make progress on boundary layer characterization, flux-calibrated ultraviolet spectroscopy is needed.

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Application of a Steady-state Accretion Disk Model to Spectrophotometry and High-resolution Spectra of Two Recent FU Ori Outbursts | Litcius