Bottom‐Up Quasi‐Epitaxial Growth of Hybrid Perovskite from Solution Process—Achieving High‐Efficiency Solar Cells via Template‐Guided Crystallization
Hengkai Zhang, Minchao Qin, Zhiliang Chen, Wei Yu, Zhiwei Ren, Kuan Liu, Jiaming Huang, Yaokang Zhang, Qiong Liang, Hrisheekesh Thachoth Chandran, W.K. Fong, Zijian Zheng, Xinhui Lu, Gang Li
Abstract
Abstract Epitaxial growth gives the highest‐quality crystalline semiconductor thin films for optoelectronic devices. Here, a universal solution‐processed bottom‐up quasi‐epitaxial growth of highly oriented α‐formamidinium lead triiodide (α‐FAPbI 3 ) perovskite film via a two‐step method is reported, in which the crystal orientation of α‐FAPbI 3 film is precisely controlled through the synergetic effect of methylammonium chloride and the large‐organic cation butylammonium bromide. In situ GIWAXS visualizes the BA‐related intermediate phase formation at the bottom of film, which serves as a guiding template for the bottom‐up quasi‐epitaxial growth in the subsequent annealing process. The template‐guided epitaxially grown BAFAMA perovskite film exhibits increased crystallinity, preferred crystallographic orientation, and reduced defects. Moreover, the BAFAMA perovskite solar cells demonstrate decent stability, maintaining 95% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 2600 h ambient storage, and 4‐time operation condition lifetime enhancement.