Role of nutrition in wound healing and nutritional recommendations for promotion of wound healing: a narrative review
Myoung Jean Ju, Yoonhong Kim, Kyung Won Seo
Abstract
Purpose: Addressing both malnutrition and wound healing requires strategic intervention.However, guidelines for adequate nutrition for a variety of wounds are lacking.Based on the latest literature review, we summarize the role of nutrition in each stage of wound healing and nutritional recommendations for wound healing.Current concept: Wounds undergo three healing phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling.The inflammatory phase involves clotting and cleaning the wound.The proliferative phase builds the wound bed through tissue growth.In the remodeling phase, collagen strength increases.Proper nutrition is crucial throughout.During inflammation, calcium, vitamin K, A, and E, zinc, and proteins are essential.In proliferation, amino acids, B vitamins, lipids, zinc, and iron play key roles.During remodeling, vitamins C and E, zinc, and water are critical for collagen synthesis and skin cell maturation.Vulnerable groups like the elderly, newborns, and obese patients need proper nutrition for skin maintenance.For pressure ulcers with malnutrition risk, recommendations are 30-35 kcal/kg/day energy, 1.25-1.5 g/kg/day protein, and 30 mL/kg water.Supplements might be added if regular meals don't meet needs.For diabetic foot ulcers, despite common deficiencies, the 2019 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot advises against prioritizing nutritional interventions over standard care due to limited high-quality evidence.Conclusion: Despite limited guidelines, nutrition assessment is vital for wound evaluation.A multidisciplinary approach is key, emphasizing nutrition's role in wound healing.Implementing nutritional interventions tailored to the wound and the individual's nutritional status is essential.This comprehensive strategy ensures the best wound care outcomes.