Challenges and perspectives on tackling illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade
Caroline Sayuri Fukushima, Patricia Tricorache, Adam Toomes, Oliver Stringham, Emmanuel Rivera-Téllez, William J. Ripple, Gretchen Peters, Ronald I. Orenstein, Thaís Q. Morcatty, Stuart J. Longhorn, Chien Lee, Sabrina Kumschick, Marco Antônio de Freitas, Rosaleen Duffy, Alisa Davies, Hubert Cheung, Susan M. Cheyne, Jamie Bouhuys, João P. Barreiros, Kofi Amponsah‐Mensah, Pedro Cardoso
Abstract
Illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade (IUWT) currently presents one of the most high-profile conservation challenges. There is no “one-size-fits-all” strategy, and a variety of disciplines and actors are needed for any counteractive approach to work effectively. Here, we detail common challenges faced when tackling IUWT, and we describe some available tools and technologies to curb and track IUWT (e.g. bans, quotas, protected areas, certification, captive-breeding and propagation, education and awareness). We discuss gaps to be filled in regulation, enforcement, engagement and knowledge about wildlife trade, and propose practical solutions to regulate and curb IUWT, paving the road for immediate action.