Concentration of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in eggplant vegetable ( <i>Solanum melongena</i> ) irrigated with wastewater: a systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment
Ali Atamaleki, Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh, Abdolmajid Gholizadeh, Nayera Naimi, Pouria Karimi, Văn Nam Thái, Yadolah Fakhri
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were PHEs concentration meta-analysis (Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in eggplant irrigated by wastewater and the following estimation of non-carcinogenic (n-CR) risk for the consumers based on countries. According to the results, the rank order of PHEs concentration in eggplant was Fe (88.3 mg/kg -dry weight) > Zn (10.1 mg/kg -dry weight) > Pb (3.0 mg/kg -dry weight) > Ni (2.7 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cu (1.1 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cd (0.9 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cr (0.05 mg/kg -dry weight). Moreover, n-CR risk showed that all investigated countries (China, India, Pakistan, Turkey, and Jordan) except for United Arab Emirates (UAE) had a considerable n-CR in both age groups (adults and children).