The rising global burden of osteoporosis: insights into prevalence, fracture rates, and future trends
S. Vijayakumar, S. Parimalakrishnan, Prem Anand D. C., S. Monisha, Vishnuvarthini, Vijayakumar Arumugam Ramamurthy
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global health concern, marked by reduced bone density and increased fracture of risk, which unfavorably impacts quality of life and results substantial burdens on healthcare systems. This condition often progresses asymptomatically, with fractures, functional decline, and rise in mortality emerging in advanced stages. However, projections indicate that by 2050, over 50% of global osteoporotic fractures will occur in Asia, highlighting the urgency for targeted interventions. Early detection is very crucial for mitigating osteoporosis-associated morbidity. Screening programs enable timely identification of at-risk individuals, may facilitating interventions such as pharmacological therapy and lifestyle modifications that significantly lower the fracture incidence. Furthermore, community-based awareness campaigns may be playing a critical role in promoting bone health by encouraging sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D supplement, in-addition regular to do physical activity. A life-course approach to bone health is essential. In postmenopausal women, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, lifestyle strategies are imperative for decline bone loss and preventing bone fractures. To achieve optimal bone mineral density (BMD) and postpone the onset of disease, premenopausal women must receive early preventive measure care and proper education. However, substantial rise in the prevalence of osteoporosis worldwide suggests to improve awareness among the public, expand access to healthcare, and create all-encompassing prevention and management plans. In order to lessen the significant societal and economic effects of this silent epidemic, multidisciplinary collaboration and continuing public health initiatives are essential.