A Distributed Leach-AHP Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks
Volkan Gangal, Idris Cinemre, Gökçe Hacıoğlu
Abstract
The energy-saving capability of wireless sensor networks significantly relies on the efficiency of the routing algorithms they employ. In this study, we introduce a novel hierarchical and distributed approach that combines the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) algorithm with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Our method involves maintaining a matrix within the nodes, which contains potential threshold values representing the probability of a node becoming the cluster head (CH). The values in this matrix are associated with the energy and distance conditions of the nodes in relation to the Sink. Both energy levels and the distance to the Sink are considered as criteria in the AHP method. The probability of a node becoming a CH is computed using AHP, with importance levels ranging from 1 to 9 based on energy and distance criteria. The preference for the energy criterion over distance is weighted with factors of 3, 5, and 7. All possible threshold values for specific energy and distance scenarios are derived through AHP, and they are evaluated to identify the one that minimizes energy consumption and maximizes packets sent to the Sink. Once the threshold value that optimizes these factors for a given energy and distance condition is determined, it is stored in the threshold value matrix. This method empowers the nodes to autonomously decide their probability of becoming the CH based on their energy status and distance to the Sink, without the need for centralized control. In comparison to algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA), the proposed method has minimal computational requirements and can be implemented in a distributed manner. The proposed approach was benchmarked against the well-established clustering algorithm LEACH. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can extend the network lifetime by up to two times and increase the number of packets sent to the Sink by approximately 50%.