Strapped calix[4]pyrroles: from syntheses to applications
Sangshan Peng, Qing He, Gabriela I. Vargas‐Zúñiga, Lei Qin, Inhong Hwang, Sung Kuk Kim, Nam Jung Heo, Chang‐Hee Lee, Ranjan Dutta, Jonathan L. Sessler
Abstract
hybridized meso bridges, have proved to be versatile receptors for neutral species, anions, and cations, as well as ion pairs. Compared to the parent system, octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole and its derivatives bearing simple appended functionalities, strapped calix[4]pyrroles typically display enhanced binding affinities and selectivities. In this review, we summarize advances in the design and synthesis of strapped calix[4]pyrroles, as well as their broad utility in molecular recognition, supramolecular extraction, separation technology, ion transport, and as agents capable of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Future challenges within this sub-field are also discussed.