Dual-Emitting Mixed-Lanthanide Metal–Organic Framework for Ratiometric and Quantitative Visual Detection of 2,6-Pyridine Dicarboxylic Acid
Qin Wang, Jiangnan Dong, Zhangjian Li, Xinyi Wang, Yabing He, Banglin Chen, Dian Zhao
Abstract
The detection of the major biomarker of Bacillus anthracis, 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA), has attracted great interest in recent years. In this work, mixed-lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (M’LnMOFs), Tb x Eu 1– x -cppa (cppa = 5-(5-carboxypyridin-3-yl)isophthalic acid), with different Tb/Eu ratios, were solvothermally synthesized. The results reveal that ratiometric fluorescent probe [Tb 0.533 Eu 0.467 -(Hcppa) 1.5 (H 2 O)(DMF)]·3H 2 O is water and acid–base stable and exhibits excellent sensitivity (LOD = 2.286 μM), high selectivity, and fast response (<2 min) for the detection of DPA. Due to the blocked energy transfer from Tb 3+ to Eu 3+ and the inner filter effect upon the addition of DPA, the fluorescent probe shows a distinct color change from orange-red to green. Furthermore, the visual detection of DPA was realized by identifying the RGB values of MOF-based agarose hydrogel films via a smartphone, highlighting the practical application of the fluorescent probe for DPA detection under aqueous solution conditions.