Uncertainty assessment of the Ring of Fire concept for on-site aerodynamic drag evaluation
Alexander Spoelstra, Max Hirsch, Andrea Sciacchitano, Fulvio Scarano
Abstract
Abstract The Ring of Fire (RoF) measurement concept to perform on-site experiments of aerodynamic drag for transiting objects is investigated with a study that identifies the main sources of uncertainty. The main contributors to the uncertainty of the drag measurement are examined for the case of a cyclist riding through the measurement domain. A sensitivity analysis is conducted that assesses how the estimated drag is affected by the choice of particle image velocimetry image processing parameters. The size of the cross-section considered in the control volume formulation is also investigated. It is found that the accuracy of the estimated drag depends on the procedure used to detect the edge of the momentum deficit region in the wake. Moreover imposing mass conservation yields the most accurate drag measurements. The drag estimation has little dependence upon the spatial resolution of the measurement as long as the interrogation window size stays within 5% to 25% of the equivalent diameter of the object cross section. Experiments are conducted in a sport-hall, where the aerodynamic drag estimates from the RoF are compared to a conventional torque power meter installed on the bicycle, and different rider’s postures as well as equipment variations are considered. Although the discrepancy in the absolute value of drag can be as high as 20%, power metering and RoF agree within 4% on relative drag variations.