Stability of Near-Surface Nitrogen Vacancy Centers Using Dielectric Surface Passivation
Ravi Kumar, Saksham Mahajan, Felix Donaldson, Siddharth Dhomkar, Hector J. Lancaster, Curran Kalha, Aysha A. Riaz, Yujiang Zhu, Christopher A. Howard, Anna Regoutz, John J. L. Morton
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide We study the photophysical stability of ensemble near-surface nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond under vacuum and air. The optically detected magnetic resonance contrast of the NV centers was measured following exposure to laser illumination, showing opposing trends in air compared to vacuum (increasing by up to 9% and dropping by up to 25%, respectively). Characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests a surface reconstruction: In air, atmospheric oxygen adsorption on a surface leads to an increase in NV – fraction, whereas in vacuum, net oxygen desorption increases the NV 0 fraction. NV charge state switching is confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. Deposition of ∼2 nm alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) over the diamond surface was shown to stabilize the NV charge state under illumination in either environment, attributed to a more stable surface electronegativity. The use of an alumina coating on diamond is therefore a promising approach to improve the resilience of NV sensors.