Antibacterial and Biofilm Inhibitory Effects of Rutin Nanocrystals
Mohammad Yousef Memar, Mina Yekani, Simin Sharifi, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj, A Mihanfar, M Nouri, L Roshangar, M Khadem-Ansari, J Blahova, M Martiniakova, M Babikova, V Kovacova, V Mondockova, R Omelka, C Dehelean, I Marcovici, C Soica, M Mioc, D Coricovac, S Iurciuc, O Cretu, I Pinzaru, K Khezri, S Maleki Dizaj, Y Rahbar Saadat, S Sharifi, S Shahi, E Ahmadian, A Eftekhari, E Dalir Abdolahinia, F Lotfipour, M Alipour, B Pouya, Z Aghazadeh, H Samadikafil, M Ghorbani, S Alizadeh, M Aghazadeh, E Dalir Abdolahinia, S Sharifi, F Moghaddam, A Abedi, S Maleki Dizaj, S Ahmadian, E Abdolahinia, S Khatibi, M Samiei, S Narasagoudr, V Hegde, R Chougale, S Masti, S Vootla, R Malabadi, B Gulln, T L-Chau, M Moreira, J Lema, G Eibes, S Sharma, A Ali, J Ali, J Sahni, S Baboota, A Imani, N Maleki, S Bohlouli, M Kouhsoltani, S Sharifi, S Maleki Dizaj, R Negahdari, S Bohlouli, S Sharifi, S Maleki Dizaj, Y Rahbar Saadat, K Khezri, S Jafari, E Ahmadian, N Gorbani Jahandizi, S Raeesi, A Ganeshpurkar, A Saluja, W Hodnick, F Kung, W Roettger, C Bohmont, R Pardini, J Kang, X Lu, H Zeng, H Liu, B Lu, Z Hooresfand, S Ghanbarzadeh, H Hamishehkar, M Wang, Y Zhang, P Guo, M Deepika, R Thangam, P Sakthidhasan
Abstract
Rutin is a nontoxic bioactive agent that extensively exists in fruits and vegetables with several therapeutic properties, essentially attributed to its effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Rutin possesses poor bioavailability and low aqueous solubility, limiting its therapeutic applications. The expansion of nanoparticulate systems is one of the technical routes to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of rutin. The present study aimed to examine the antimicrobial effects of rutin nanocrystals (RNs). A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biofilm, and attachment inhibitory effects of RNs were evaluated for several bacterial strains compared with bulk rutin. It was shown that the aqueous dispersion of RNs was much more effective than rutin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The results revealed that rutin's antimicrobial activity improved by reducing particle size up to the nano-sized range in the MIC test. RNs and rutin didn't show any biofilm inhibitory effect.