Depletion of Two-Level Systems in Ultrastable Computer-Generated Glasses
Dmytro Khomenko, Camille Scalliet, Ludovic Berthier, David R. Reichman, Francesco Zamponi
Abstract
Amorphous solids exhibit quasiuniversal low temperature anomalies whose origin has been ascribed to localized tunneling defects. Using an advanced Monte Carlo procedure, we create in silico glasses spanning from hyperquenched to ultrastable glasses. Using a multidimensional path-finding protocol, we locate tunneling defects with energy splittings smaller than k_{B}T_{Q}, with T_{Q} the temperature below which quantum effects are relevant (T_{Q}≈1 K in most experiments). We find that as the stability of a glass increases, its energy landscape as well as the manner in which it is probed tend to deplete the density of tunneling defects, as observed in recent experiments. We explore the real-space nature of tunneling defects, and find that they are mostly localized to a few atoms, but are occasionally dramatically delocalized.