Two Birds with One Stone: Boosting Zinc-Ion Insertion/Extraction Kinetics and Suppressing Vanadium Dissolution of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> via La<sup>3+</sup> Incorporation Enable Advanced Zinc-Ion Batteries
Dongdong Zhang, Jin Cao, Yilei Yue, Teerachote Pakornchote, Thiti Bovornratanaraks, Jiantao Han, Xinyu Zhang, Jiaqian Qin, Yunhui Huang
Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) with cost-effective and safe features are highly competitive in grid energy storage applications, but plagued by the sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and poor cyclability of cathodes. Herein, a one-stone-two-birds strategy of La3+ incorporation (La–V2O5) is developed to motivate Zn2+ insertion/extraction kinetics and stabilize vanadium species for V2O5. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal the incorporated La3+ ions in V2O5 can not only serve as pillars to expand the interlayer distance (11.77 Å) and lower the Zn2+ migration energy barrier (0.82 eV) but also offer intermediated level and narrower band gap (0.54 eV), thus accelerating the electron/ion diffusion kinetics. Importantly, the steadily doped La3+ ions effectively stabilize the V–O bonds by shortening the bond length, thereby inhibiting vanadium species dissolution. Therefore, the resulting La–V2O5-ZIBs deliver an exceptional rate capacity of 405 mA h g–1 (0.1 A g–1), long-term stability with 93.8% retention after 5000 cycles (10 A g–1), and extraordinary energy density of 289.3 W h kg–1, outperforming various metal-ions-doped V2O5 cathodes. Moreover, the La–V2O5 pouch cell presents excellent electrochemical performance and impressive flexibility and integration ability. The strategies of incorporating rare-earth-metal ions provide guidance to other well-established aqueous ZIBs cathodes and other advanced electrochemical devices.