Review and assessment of 3D spatial data models for managing underground utility networks
Ensiyeh Javaherian Pour, Behnam Atazadeh, Abbas Rajabifard, Soheil Sabri
Abstract
• Investigate a list of critical parameters for modelling underground utilities. • Review various spatial data model approaches designed for underground utilities. • Compare spatial data models in terms of modelling utility networks. • Present the way each data model supports critical parameters. • Explore suitable 3D spatial data model for modelling underground utilities. 3D spatial data models are essential in city modelling, providing detailed and accurate representations of urban environments. However, underground urban spaces pose significant challenges for these data models, especially in managing underground utility networks. While most current data models primarily represent city objects, only a few are designed to specifically model utility networks. Data models lacking initial utility network support have often been later extended with specialised modules to include these networks. This paper evaluates the benefits and limitations of current data models in representing underground utility networks. It begins by identifying and categorising essential parameters needed for 3D underground utility modelling. These parameters are divided into two groups: common 3D underground utility network modelling parameters, such as 3D coordinate systems, topology, semantics, 3D visualization, and scale; and specific parameters relevant to underground utility networks, which include spatial relationships, specialised geometries, attributes, cadastral elements, and interoperability features. Subsequently, the study assesses various spatial data models including CityGML, LandInfra, IFC, INSPIRE, ArcGIS Utility Network, SEDRIS, and PipelineML, against these parameters. Each parameter is mapped to corresponding class names in comprehensive tables. The findings suggest that an optimal modelling approach might involve integrating various data models or enhancing specific classes to address all aspects of underground utility networks.