<i>Syzygium malaccense</i> leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and biomedical evaluation in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and lung cancer cell line
Santosh Mallikarjun Bhavi, Bothe Thokchom, Sapam Riches Singh, Sukesh Kumar Bajire, Rajesh P. Shastry, B. S. Srinath, Shivanand S. Bhat, Kotresha Dupadahalli, Chandramohan Govindasamy, Swati Ravi Chalekar, B. P. Harini, Ramesh Babu Yarajarla
Abstract
The study explores the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry leaf extract (SM-AgNPs). UV-Visible spectroscopy confirmed the reduction of silver ions, showing an absorption peak at 406 nm. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a face centered cubic structure with an average particle size of 23.55 nm. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyses indicated a mean size of 40.1 nm and a surface charge of −40.1 mV. FTIR spectroscopy identified functional groups involved in nanoparticle stabilization, while Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed silver content. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) provided detailed insights into particle morphology. Anticancer assays showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against A549 cancer cells (LC50: 7.62 μg mL−1) with minimal effects on L-132 normal cells (LC50: 73.55 μg mL−1), highlighting selectivity. Additionally, SM-AgNPs increased Caenorhabditis elegans survival and reduced paralysis under pathogenic bacterial exposure. This study demonstrates the potential of SM-AgNPs in biomedical applications, emphasizing selective anticancer activity and antimicrobial effects in vivo.