Unlocking the potential of green-engineered carbon quantum dots for sustainable packaging biomedical applications and water purification
Yasaman Esmaeili, Farzad Toiserkani, Zeinab Qazanfarzadeh, Mehran Ghasemlou, Minoo Naebe, Colin J. Barrow, Wendy Timms, Shima Jafarzadeh
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with well-defined architectures offer highly fascinating properties such as excellent water-solubility, exceptional luminescence, large specific surface area, non-toxicity, biocompatibility and tuneable morphological, structural, and chemical features. This review comprehensively overviews recent breakthroughs and critical milestones in the green synthesis of CQDs from renewable sources and provides guidance for their sustainable development towards fulfilling the goals of green chemistry. It also discusses the interaction of CQDs with various biopolymers to improve the material performance and functionality. This paper also highlights the latest technological applications of CQDs in numerous fields, including sustainable packaging, biosensing, bioimaging, cancer therapy, drug delivery as well as water purification. Finally, it summarizes the main challenges and provides an outlook on the future directions of CQDs in packaging and biomedical fields. This review can act as a roadmap to guide researchers for tailoring the properties of CQDs for important composite and biomedical fields. • A detailed review of green carbon quantum dot (CQD) synthesis from renewable sources is presented. • CQDs' innovative uses in sustainable packaging, biosensing, bioimaging, cancer therapy, and drug delivery are explored. • Cutting-edge applications of CQDs in sustainable packaging, biosensing, bioimaging, cancer therapy, and drug delivery are highlighted.