Novel Insights into <i>bla</i> <sub>GES</sub> Mobilome Reveal Extensive Genetic Variation in Hospital Effluents
Danieli Conte, Dany Mesa, Thomas Jové, Caetana Paes Zamparette, Thaís Cristine Marques Sincero, Jussara Kasuko Palmeiro, Líbera Maria Dalla-Costa
Abstract
In the “One Health” approach, which encompasses human, animal, and environmental health, emerging issues of antimicrobial resistance are associated with hospital effluents that contain clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria along with a wide range of antibiotic concentrations, and lack regulatory status for mandatory prior and effective treatment. bla GES genes have been reported in aquatic environments despite the low detection of these genes among clinical isolates within the studied hospitals. Carbapenemase enzymes, which are relatively unusual globally, such as GES type inserted into new integrons on plasmids, are worrisome.