Lactylation: a Passing Fad or the Future of Posttranslational Modification
Xin Qi, Hai Wang, Qinglin Li, Sinan Liu, Kai Qu, Chang Liu, Jingyao Zhang
Abstract
Lactate is a glycolytic product and a significant energy source. Moreover, it regulates gene transcription via lactylation of histones and non-histone proteins, i.e., a novel posttranslational modification. This review summarizes recent advances related to lactylation in lactate metabolism and diseases. Notably, lactylation plays a vital role in cancer, inflammation, and regeneration; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Histone lactylation regulates oncogenic processes by targeting gene transcription and inflammation via macrophage activation. Eventually, we identified research gaps and recommended several primary directions for further studies.
Topics & Concepts
HistonePosttranslational modificationInflammationTranscription factorTranscription (linguistics)Cell biologyBiologyGeneChemistryBiochemistryEnzymeImmunologyPhilosophyLinguisticsEpigenetics and DNA MethylationCancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismImmune cells in cancer