Biopesticide Techniques to Remediate Pesticides in Polluted Ecosystems
Rouf Ahmad Bhat, Bilal A. Beigh, Shafat Ahmad Mir, Shakeel Ahmad Dar, Moonisa Aslam Dervash, Asmat Rashid, Rafiq Lone
Abstract
Indiscriminate and incessant use of synthetic pesticides is becoming an increasing global concern. No doubt, the application of conventional synthetic pesticides has enhanced the quality and quantity of agricultural products. However, accumulation of pesticides in freshwater resources has negative effects on aquatic ecosystem and human health. The persistent and toxic nature of pesticides has led to direct or indirect exposure on the biota in aquatic ecosystems resulting in acute (mortality of organisms) and chronic effects (decreased production and change in community structure), thus posing serious consequences for the ecosystem. Biopesticides provides a cost-effective and innovative approach employing bioremediation techniques for the removal of pesticides in water because of its advantage linked with environmental safety, biodegradability, effectiveness, and target-specificity. Furthermore, biopesticides provide an efficient method for detoxification of pesticides and appropriateness in the integrated pest management (IPM) programs.