Fabrication of TiO2 nanotubes via three - electrodes anodization technique under sound waves impact and use in dye-sensitized solar cell
Qahtan A. Yousif, Noura H. Haran
Abstract
The present work included study the formation of the arrays TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NT) on the Titanium foil during anodization using three-electrode systems under the influence of ultrasound waves. It reduces the time of fabrication to 30 min. at a constant voltage of about 20 V in the ethylene glycol electrolyte solution. The FE-SEM and AFM results have exhibited the formation of nanotubes 7.09 μm in length with an average diameter of 21.24 nm in the presence of ultrasound. The XRD results have confirmed the dominant anatase phase with high purity. The results of J-V curves show optimized conditions of titanium dioxide nanotubes dye-sensitized solar cell (TiO2-NT-DSSC).The photoelectrochemical parameters are perfect if compared to solar cell fabrication in the absence of ultrasound. Hence, the full factor of energy conversion efficiency is estimated to be about 0.436 under simulated sunlight of 100 mW/cm2.