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Asymptotic Spreading for General Heterogeneous Fisher-KPP Type Equations

Henri Berestycki, Grégoire Nadin

2022Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society21 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

In this monograph, we review the theory and establish new and general results regarding spreading properties for heterogeneous reaction-diffusion equations: <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="partial-differential Subscript t Baseline u minus sigma-summation Underscript i comma j equals 1 Overscript upper N Endscripts a Subscript i comma j Baseline left-parenthesis t comma x right-parenthesis partial-differential Subscript i j Baseline u minus sigma-summation Underscript i equals 1 Overscript upper N Endscripts q Subscript i Baseline left-parenthesis t comma x right-parenthesis partial-differential Subscript i Baseline u equals f left-parenthesis t comma x comma u right-parenthesis period"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∂ </mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:munderover> <mml:mo> ∑ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:munderover> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∂ </mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:munderover> <mml:mo> ∑ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:munderover> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∂ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{equation*} \partial _{t} u - \sum _{i,j=1}^N a_{i,j}(t,x)\partial _{ij}u-\sum _{i=1}^N q_i(t,x)\partial _i u=f(t,x,u). \end{equation*}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </disp-formula> These are concerned with the dynamics of the solution starting from initial data with compact support. The nonlinearity <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is of Fisher-KPP type, and admits <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> as an unstable steady state and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> as a globally attractive one (or, more generally, admits entire solutions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p Superscript plus-or-minus Baseline left-parenthesis t comma x right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ± </mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p^\pm (t,x)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , where <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p Superscript minus"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p^-</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is unstable and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p Superscript plus"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p^+</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is globally attractive). Here, the coefficients <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="a Sub

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Asymptotic Spreading for General Heterogeneous Fisher-KPP Type Equations | Litcius