Review and perspective on sleep-disordered breathing research and translation to clinics
Henri Korkalainen, Samu Kainulainen, Anna Sigríður Íslind, María Óskarsdóttir, Christian Straßberger, Sami Nikkonen, Juha Töyräs, Antti Kulkas, Ludger Grote, Jan Hedner, Reijo Sund, Harald Hrubos-Strom, Jose M. Saavedra, Kristín A. Ólafsdóttir, Jón S. Ágústsson, Philip I. Terrill, Walter T. McNicholas, Erna Sif Arnardóttir, Timo Leppänen
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing, ranging from habitual snoring to severe obstructive sleep apnea, is a prevalent public health issue. Despite rising interest in sleep and awareness of sleep disorders, sleep research and diagnostic practices still rely on outdated metrics and laborious methods reducing the diagnostic capacity and preventing timely diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, a significant portion of individuals affected by sleep-disordered breathing remain undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed. Taking advantage of state-of-the-art scientific, technological, and computational advances could be an effective way to optimize the diagnostic and treatment pathways. We discuss state-of-the-art multidisciplinary research, review the shortcomings in the current practices of SDB diagnosis and management in adult populations, and provide possible future directions. We critically review the opportunities for modern data analysis methods and machine learning to combine multimodal information, provide a perspective on the pitfalls of big data analysis, and discuss approaches for developing analysis strategies that overcome current limitations. We argue that large-scale and multidisciplinary collaborative efforts based on clinical, scientific, and technical knowledge and rigorous clinical validation and implementation of the outcomes in practice are needed to move the research of sleep-disordered breathing forward, thus increasing the quality of diagnostics and treatment.