Nanomedicine for targeting the lung cancer cells by interpreting the signaling pathways
Mohammad Habeeb, Tasneem Abdul Kareem, Kolluru Lakshmi Deepthi, Vidyarani Sujitkumar Khot, You Huay Woon, Sarita Suryabhan Pawar
Abstract
Lung malignancy is one of the prominent causes of cancer death worldwide. However, the treatment and diagnosis of various lung cancer becoming increasingly challenging. Currently, several types of treatments and/or diagnostic methods are used to treat lung diseases. One of the reasons for the higher mortality was the uptake of anticancer agents by normal cells. Lung cancer has complicated pathogenesis that includes multiple signaling pathways that can be used to target malignant cells. Onco-receptors such as epidermal growth factor (EGFR) receptor, integrins, transferrin (TFR) receptor, folate receptor (FR), and the cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) receptors are augmented on the surface proteins of malignant cells, and many other receptors may be exploited for the inhibition of pathways. Further cancer-borne immunological targets may assist as a marked spot to regulate cell-specific pathways. Nanotechnology has been intensively investigated in healthcare as technological advancement. Multiple nano-based systems are employed to improve lung cancer identification methods and treatment efficacy when compared to standard delivery methods. To resolve complex lung barriers and boost the therapeutic effect while limiting systemic side effects, nanoparticles are transported to the lungs, appropriate therapeutic medicines are loaded, and intelligent functionalities are incorporated. This article gives the various signaling pathways to target lung malignant and also the development of the latest nanotechnology drug distribution stratagems in recent years and studies the medical application worth of nanomedicine for the treatment of lung cancer.