Dealiasing High-Frame-Rate Color Doppler Using Dual-Wavelength Processing
Jonathan Porée, Guillaume Goudot, Olivier Pedreira, Émeline Laborie, Lina Khider, Tristan Mirault, Emmanuel Messas, Pierre Julia, Jean-Marc Alsac, Mickaël Tanter, Mathieu Pernot
Abstract
Doppler ultrasound is the premier modality to analyze blood flow dynamics in clinical practice. With conventional systems, Doppler can either provide a time-resolved quantification of the flow dynamics in sample volumes (spectral Doppler) or an average Doppler velocity/power [color flow imaging (CFI)] in a wide field of view (FOV) but with a limited frame rate. The recent development of ultrafast parallel systems made it possible to evaluate simultaneously color, power, and spectral Doppler in a wide FOV and at high-frame rates but at the expense of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, like conventional Doppler, ultrafast Doppler is subject to aliasing for large velocities and/or large depths. In a recent study, staggered multi-pulse repetition frequency (PRF) sequences were investigated to dealias color-Doppler images. In this work, we exploit the broadband nature of pulse-echo ultrasound and propose a dual-wavelength approach for CFI dealiasing with a constant PRF. We tested the dual-wavelength bandpass processing, in silico, in laminar flow phantom and validated it in vivo in human carotid arteries ( n = 25). The in silico results showed that the Nyquist velocity could be extended up to four times the theoretical limit. In vivo, dealiased CFI were highly consistent with unfolded Spectral Doppler ( r <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> =0.83, y=1.1x+0.1, N=25) and provided consistent vector flow images. Our results demonstrate that dual-wavelength processing is an efficient method for high-velocity CFI.