Physico-chemical characterization of Grewia Monticola Sond (GMS) fibers for prospective application in biocomposites
Mohammed A. Almeshaal, Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, Thulasi Mani Murugesan, Murugesan Palaniappan, Carlo Santulli
Abstract
New fibers extracted from plant barks are a recent subject of investigation as possible fillers for polymer composites. In this work, Grewia Monticola Sond (GMS) fibers have been characterized from a morphological, chemical, and thermal point of view. This involved using a number of techniques, including Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (×RD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Results indicated that GMS fibers have relatively high cellulose (55%), with 33.5% crystallinity index and a crystallite size of 4.89 nm, and lower hemicellulose (14%) and lignin (15%) contents. The fibers showed cellulose degradation onset at around 324°C, while kinetic activation energy (74.18 kJ/mol) is quite low. The roughness of the fibers was in the range expected for similar natural fibers, and they may be considered silky according to their kurtosis values. As for possible application in composites, they would definitely withstand process temperatures with thermoplastics. However, their not very high crystallinity and low crystallite size might suggest a limited strength, to be verified in future after optimizing GMS fiber extraction from bark.