A cybersecurity review in IoT 5G networks
Diego Narciandi-Rodr ́ıguez, José Aveleira‐Mata, Mar ́ıa Teresa Garc ́ıa-Ord ́as, Javier Alfonso-Cend ́on, Carmen Benavides, Héctor Aláiz‐Moretón
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of cybersecurity in 5G-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) networks, a rapidly expanding field where data security is paramount due to the increasing connectivity and sensitivity of IoT applications. Building upon existing literature, including foundational technical documents and recent studies on 5G security, we explore the primary elements and threats within this ecosystem. Key concepts are examined, covering 5G networks, architecture, cybersecurity protocols, IoT, and standards developed by 3GPP to contextualize the complex interplay of technologies involved. Our study employs the PRISMA methodology, which allows for a systematic review of relevant sources across major research databases, providing a structured synthesis of recent advancements and persisting challenges. We delve into the state of the art, detailing prominent use cases and their associated vulnerabilities, which expose critical risks within both the 5G network elements and IoT endpoints. In particular, this review identifies and categorizes primary attack vectors, examining how the convergence of 5G and IoT introduces challenges to cybersecurity frameworks. This review also outlines limitations in current research, including gaps in standardized defense mechanisms and challenges in threat detection and response capabilities. Our findings underscore the importance of ongoing research into resilient security solutions tailored for 5G-IoT ecosystems, concluding with recommendations for future research directions to fortify this essential area of network security.