The effect of nanoceria on the alginate-gum arabic crosslinking mechanism and in vitro behavior as a wound dressing
Alexandra Feraru, Zsejke-Réka Tóth, Klára Magyari, Monica Baia, Tamás Gyulavári, Emőke Páll, Emilia Licărete, Codruţ Costinaş, Oana Cadar, Ionel Papuc, Lucian Baia
Abstract
Medical practice has proven that chronic wounds can be treated successfully if the dressing is chosen according to the healing phase of the wound. Correct intervention from the hemostasis and inflammatory phase can prevent oxidative stress and ensure optimal conditions for healing. It is important to design a new wound dressing that does not cause additional injury, has an antioxidant effect, removes dead cells, and promotes wound healing. Considering that the traditional dressings are not moisture-retentive, we proposed an alginate-gum arabic polymeric matrix enhanced with cerium oxide nanoparticles. The cryogels were prepared by cross-linking polysaccharides and cerium oxide nanoparticles via calcium cations to form a sponge-like structure. The blend of micro- and macro-pores provides a suitable environment for nutrient distribution and keeps an adequate moisture level, mimicking the functions of the native cellular matrix. The release of cerium oxide nanoparticles occurs gradually, at the same time as the degradation of the biopolymer, promoting the attachment and viability of keratinocytes and fibroblast cells. It was found that stimulating epithelial regeneration is improved through the antioxidant effect and the adsorption capacity of hemoglobin. The results also indicate good in vitro biocompatibility and recommend them as promising dressings for skin wound treatments. • scaffolds contain an interconnected porous structure with appropriate pore size to facilitate nutrients and cell diffusion. • Adding Ce 4+ cation into the polymeric matrix could lead to a stronger network, with a higher coordinative number of the cerium cations than the calcium cations. • Composites have the ability to adsorb proteins and stimulate cell viability. • Their biodegradability under physiological conditions occurs with the formation of non-toxic compounds. • The antioxidant effect is significantly influenced by the concentration of cerium oxide nanoparticles.