Eco-friendly optical sensor for precise detection of gold ions in diverse matrices through the integration of β-2-hydroxybenzyl-3-methoxy-2-hydroxyazastyrene in a PVC membrane
Mohamed Hemdan, M.A. Ali, Alaa S. Amin
Abstract
Abstract An environmentally conscious methodology is investigated for the precise and discerning identification of trace concentrations of gold ions in diverse matrices. A novel optical sensor membrane is proposed for the determination of Au 3+ ions, utilizing the immobilization of β-2-hydroxybenzyl-3-methoxy-2-hydroxyazastyrene (HMHS) entrapped in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The sensor incorporates sodium tetraphenylborate (Na-TPB) as the ionic additive and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a plasticizer. Under optimal conditions, the suggested sensor exhibits a linear calibration response to Au 3+ ions within a concentration range of 5.0 to 165 ng mL −1 . Detection and quantification limits are specified as 1.5 and 4.8 ng mL −1 , respectively, with a rapid response time of 5.0 min. Upon presentation, this optical sensor not only affirms high reproducibility, stability, and an extended operational lifespan but also showcases exceptional selectivity for Au 3+ ions. Notably, no discernible interference is observed when assessing the potential influence of other cations and anions on Au 3+ ion detection. The adaptability of this optical sensor is validated through its successful application in determining Au 3+ ion concentrations across various sample types, including water, environmental, cosmetics, and soil matrices. Graphical Abstract