Chemical recycling of PC/ABS-blends by pyrolysis
Philipp-Henry Rathsack, David Scheithauer, Jörg Kleeberg, Martin Gräbner
Abstract
Not all plastics can be recycled mechanically. Polycarbonate (PC) combined with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is one such material used in applications like electronic casings and automotive components. Since mechanical recycling of PC/ABS results in thermal degradation and the loss of required properties, alternative methods are sought. Pyrolysis, the thermal decomposition without oxygen, preferentially cleaves certain bonds, yielding valuable monomers. This study investigates the pyrolysis of non-flame-retarded and flame-retarded PC/ABS blends at laboratory and pilot plant scales. Analyses utilized thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR). The blends exhibited two decomposition stages influenced by flame retardants. The IR spectra provided insights into the structural properties of volatile compounds. CO 2 yield ranged from 6 % to 8 %, with the flame-retarded blend showing 0.5–1 % higher yields. Subsequently, we conducted experiments in a fixed-bed reactor, varying the pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and blend composition. Masses of gaseous, liquid, and solid products were measured, with a liquid yield optimum at 480–500 ∘ C. All product fractions were analyzed. Liquid products contained valuable compounds like phenol, styrene, and bisphenol-A, analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS). For the non-flame-retardant blend, bisphenol-A was the main product (25–30 %), while phenol dominated (10–15 %) in the flame-retardant blend. • Fully balanced pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor and comprehensive products analysis. • Optimal temperature for maximum liquid yield of 80 % at 480–500 ∘ C. • Pyrolysis yields 25–30 % BPA from pyrolysis of non-flame-retarded PC/ABS-blend. • Flame-retarded PC/ABS-blend produces 10–15 % phenol yield.