Value-Added Bio-carbon Production through the Slow Pyrolysis of Waste Bio-oil: Fundamental Studies on Their Structure–Property–Processing Co-relation
Ranjeet Kumar Mishra, Manjusri Misra, Amar K. Mohanty
Abstract
with a minor percentage of water and alcohol. Overall, it was found that the pyrolysis temperature has the dominant role in the yield and properties of biocarbon. The physicochemical characterization of biocarbon showed that the higher temperature based pyrolyzed biocarbon (600 and 900 °C) improved the properties in terms of thermal stability, thermal conductivity, graphitic content, ash content, and carbon content. Furthermore, the elemental and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy study of biocarbon confirmed the substantial depletion in oxygen and hydrogen at a higher temperature (600 and 900 °C) than the lower temperature based pyrolyzed biocarbon (400 °C). Additionally, the purest form of the biocarbon is found at a higher temperature (900 °C) with higher thermal stability and carbon content. The study of the surface morphology of biocarbon revealed that the higher temperature (600 and 900 °C) biocarbon showed larger and harder particles than the lower temperature biocarbon (400 °C); however, the electrical conductivity of biocarbon decreased, whereas thermal conductivity increased, with an increase in the pyrolysis temperatures. Moreover, the particle size analysis of biocarbon confirmed that most of the particles were found in the range of 1 μm. The increased thermal stability, carbon content, and graphitic content and the lower ash content endorse biocarbon as an excellent feedstock for carbon-based energy storage materials.