Synergistic restoration of spinal cord injury through hyaluronic acid conjugated hydrogel-polydopamine nanoparticles combined with human mesenchymal stem cell transplantation
Yanbing Kao, Wei Song, Renjie Zhang, Guangjin Gu, Heping Qiu, Wenyuan Shen, Hanming Zhu, Yanchun Liu, Yu Yang, Haoyun Liu, Zhihao Zhang, Xiaohong Kong, Shiqing Feng
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease with limited treatment options due to the restricted regenerative capacity of the central nervous system. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inadequate endogenous neural stem progenitor cells (eNSPCs) in the lesion site exacerbates neurologic deficits and impedes motor function recovery. We have developed a temperature-responsive hyaluronic acid conjugated hydrogel-polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) combined with human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) transplantation, denoted as H-P-M hydrogel. Microglia cells treated with PDA NPs have been shown to reduce intracellular ROS levels by 65 % and suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β (decreased by 35 %) and IL-6 (decreased by 23 %), thus mitigating the microglia's inflammatory response. Additionally, our results have demonstrated that the H-P-M hydrogel combined with hMSCs transplantation can recruit eNSPCs to the injury site as evidenced by utilizing Nestin lineage tracer mice. The RNA-seq has unveiled the potential of the H-P-M hydrogel to facilitate eNSPCs neuronal differentiation through the MAPK pathway. Furthermore, these differentiated neurons are integrated into local neural circuits. Together, it suggests that the H-P-M hydrogel synergistically improves the SCI niche. It serves as catalysts inducing 5-HT axon regeneration and improving BMS score after SCI through the modulation of the ROS milieu and the promotion of neuronal differentiation from eNSPCs, thereby presenting a promising strategy for SCI repair. • A PDA NP-decorated temperature-responsive hydrogel synergetically repairs SCI combing with hMSC transplantation. • The H-P-M hydrogel improved SCI niche through the modulation of the ROS milieu. • The eNSPCs neuronal differentiation is facilitated by the MAPK pathway in vivo . • 5-HT axon regrowth and neural circuit reconstruction boost motor function after transplantation.