A Real-Time FPGA Implementation of the CCSDS 123.0-B-2 Standard

Abstract

Hyperspectral images are a useful remote sensing tool that often reaches hundreds of megabytes in size. The CCSDS 123.0-B-2 is a recent algorithm that achieves lossless and near-lossless compression of hyperspectral images by introducing a configurable maximum error over its predecessor CCSDS 123.0-B-1. In this article, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of the revised standard that works in real-time is presented. We have developed an extremely pipelined and fast core in VHDL, that is able to process a sample per cycle at over 250 MHz, working eight times faster than in real time for the Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) sensor. New dependencies in the revised standard are avoided by using a novel sample ordering called frame interleaved by diagonal. The predictor stage has been designed to work in this order, and two reorder buffers encapsulate it to be band interleaved by pixel compliant. Predictor data are encoded using a novel FPGA implementation of the CCSDS 123.0-B-2 hybrid coder. The modules are tested and verified on a Virtex-7 VC709 board. For medium (256 bands <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times4096$ </tex-math></inline-formula> frames <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times512$ </tex-math></inline-formula> samples) and large ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$512\times 4096\times 1024$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) images, the core occupies, respectively, 14% and 50% of an XQRKU060 FPGA.

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