Rational Design of ZIF-8 for Constructing Luminescent Biosensors with Glucose Oxidase and AIE-Type Gold Nanoclusters
Yanping Sun, Tong Shu, Jianxin Ma, Qiong Dai, Peiwen Peng, Ziping Zhou, Xiang Zhou, Lei Su, Xueji Zhang
Abstract
The development of modern technologies has acclimatized biosensors to complicated applicable scenarios with integrated properties as a whole instead of the pursuit of a single-point breakthrough. Here, we targeted a few concerns in the development of enzyme-based biosensors, including stability, analyte enrichment, and signal transduction, and developed a general biosensing model utilizing enzymes, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens, and stimuli-responsive framework materials as the units. We propose such proof-of-concept of glucose biosensors by coencapsulating glucose oxidase and AIE-type gold nanoclusters into acid-sensitive zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 nanocrystals. The acid-activated degradation of ZIF-8 bridges the molecular signals produced by the enzyme-catalytic reaction of glucose and the photon signals generated by ZIF-8-induced AIE effects of gold nanoclusters, resulting in the "turn-off" model nanoprobes for glucose detection with high selectivity. After embedding the nanoprobes into hollow-out tapes, the formed paper biosensors can conveniently detect glucose with the help of a smartphone.