Alternating Heterochiral Supramolecular Copolymerization
Michihisa Ueda, T. Aoki, Takayoshi Akiyama, Takayuki Nakamuro, Keitaro Yamashita, Haruaki Yanagisawa, Osamu Nureki, Masahide Kikkawa, Eiichi Nakamura, Takuzo Aida, Yoshimitsu Itoh
Abstract
In stacking-based supramolecular polymerization, chiral hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) monomers often prefer to adapt a homochiral monomer sequence. Herein, we investigated the polymerization of a chiral thiophene-fused cyclooctatetraene (COT) as a novel nonplanar-core monomer and found the first example of the formation of an alternating heterochiral supramolecular copolymer. Although single enantiomer (−) or (+)-COT alone did not polymerize, when (−) and (+)-COT were mixed together, supramolecular polymerization took place to give a stereochemically alternating copolymer. By means of the microcrystal electron crystallography of a shorter side-chained COT analogue, we found that the resulting heterochiral supramolecular copolymer adapted an alternating arrangement of H-bonded and polar π-stacked parts. A computational study using density-functional theory (DFT) suggested that such an alternating heterochiral preference occurs because it allows two thiophene amide moieties facing each other to effectively cancel their in-plane dipole moments.