Spatial Structure Regulation: A Rod‐Shaped Viologen Enables Long Lifetime in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Hongbin Li, Hao Fan, Bo Hu, Linlin Hu, Gang Chang, Jiangxuan Song
Abstract
Abstract A stable rod‐like sulfonated viologen (R‐Vi) derivative is developed through a spatial‐structure‐adjustment strategy for neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). The obtained R‐Vi features four individual methyl groups on the 2,2′,6,6′‐positions of the 4,4′‐bipyridine core ring. The tethered methyls confine the movement of the alkyl chain as well as the sulfonic anion, thus driving the spatial structure from sigmoid to rod shape. The R‐Vi with weak charge attraction and large molecular dimension displays an ultralow membrane permeability that is only 14.7 % of that of typical sigmoid viologen. Moreover, the electron‐donating effect of methyls endows R‐Vi with the lowest redox potential of −0.55 V vs. SHE among one‐electron‐storage viologen‐based AORFBs. The AORFB with the R‐Vi anolyte and a K 4 Fe(CN) 6 catholyte exhibits an energy efficiency up to 87 % and extremely low capacity‐fade rate of 0.007 % per cycle in 3200 continuous cycles.