Screen-Printed Stretchable Supercapacitors Based on Tin Sulfide-Decorated Face-Mask-Derived Activated Carbon Electrodes with High Areal Energy Density
Kiran Kumar Reddy Reddygunta, Lidija Šiller, Aruna Ivaturi
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide In this work, tin sulfide nanosheets decorated on face-mask-derived activated carbon have been explored as electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors. A hydrothermal route was employed to grow tin sulfide on the surface and inside of high-surface-area face-mask-derived activated carbon, activated at 850 °C, to produce a hierarchical interconnected porous composite (ACFM-850/TS) structure. The presence of tin sulfide in the porous carbon framework exposed the surface active sites for rapid adsorption/desorption of electrolyte ions and ensured high utilization of the porous carbon surface. Furthermore, the porous ACFM-850 framework prevented the stacking/agglomeration of tin sulfide sheets, thereby enhancing the charge-transport kinetics in the composite electrodes. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of tin sulfide and ACFM-850, the resulting ACFM-850/TS composite exhibited an attractive specific capacitance of 423 F g –1 at a 0.5 A g –1 current density and superior rate capability (71.3% at a 30 A g –1 current density) in a 1.0 M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte. In addition, we fabricated a planar symmetric interdigitated supercapacitor on a stretchable Spandex fabric using an ACFM-850/TS composite electrode and carboxymethyl cellulose/NaClO 4 as a solid-state gel electrolyte employing a scalable screen-printing process. The as-prepared stretchable supercapacitors displayed an ultrahigh energy density of 9.2 μWh cm –2 at a power density of 0.13 mW cm –2 . In addition, they exhibited an excellent cyclic stability of 64% even after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles and 42% after 1000 continuous stretch (at 25% stretching)/release cycles. Such screen-printed interdigitated planar supercapacitors with activated carbon composite electrodes and a solid-state gel electrolyte act as promising low-cost energy-storage devices for wearable and flexible integrated electronic devices.