A Compact 2-D photonic crystal biomedical sensor for enhanced glucose concentration detection in urine
Mahmoud M. Hamed, Nazmi A. Mohammed, Kareem A. Badawi
Abstract
Abstract This study introduces a 2-D Photonic Crystal (PhC) biosensor designed, simulated, and evaluated for detecting glucose concentrations in urine by utilizing refractive index variations. The sensor demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving a sensitivity of 20,040.30 nm/RIU for glucose levels ranging from 0–15 mg/dl, a quality factor of 10,424.55, and a detection limit as low as 8 × 10 −10 , surpassing benchmarks reported in the literature. With compact dimensions of 16.8 × 17.6 µm 2 and compatibility with modern fabrication techniques, the proposed design is well suited for integration into portable diagnostic devices. A comprehensive comparative analysis underscores its superior sensitivity, ultra-high quality factor, and compact design, establishing it as a major advancement in glucose detection technology.