High-Yield Large-Scale Suspended Graphene Membranes over Closed Cavities for Sensor Applications
Sebastian Lukas, Ardeshir Esteki, Nico Rademacher, Vikas Jangra, Michael Groß, Zhenxing Wang, Ha-Duong Ngo, Manuel Bäuscher, Piotr Mackowiak, K. Höppner, Dominique Wehenkel, Richard M. van Rijn, Max C. Lemme
Abstract
Suspended membranes of monatomic graphene exhibit great potential for applications in electronic and nanoelectromechanical devices. In this work, a "hot and dry" transfer process is demonstrated to address the fabrication and patterning challenges of large-area graphene membranes on top of closed, sealed cavities. Here, "hot" refers to the use of high temperature during transfer, promoting the adhesion. Additionally, "dry" refers to the absence of liquids when graphene and target substrate are brought into contact. The method leads to higher yields of intact suspended monolayer chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene and artificially stacked double-layer CVD graphene membranes than previously reported. The yield evaluation is performed using neural-network-based object detection in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, ascertaining high yields of intact membranes with large statistical accuracy. The suspended membranes are examined by Raman tomography and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The method is verified by applying the suspended graphene devices as piezoresistive pressure sensors. Our technology advances the application of suspended graphene membranes and can be extended to other two-dimensional materials.