Diverging current fluctuations in critical Kerr resonators
Michael J. Kewming, Mark T. Mitchison, Gabriel T. Landi
Abstract
The parametrically pumped Kerr model describes a driven-dissipative nonlinear cavity, whose nonequilibrium phase diagram features both continuous and discontinuous quantum phase transitions. We consider the consequences of these critical phenomena for the fluctuations of the photocurrent obtained via continuous weak measurements on the cavity. Considering both direct photodetection and homodyne detection schemes, we find that the current fluctuations diverge exponentially at the discontinuous phase transition. However, we find strikingly different current fluctuations for these two detection schemes near the continuous transition, a behavior which is explained by the complementary information revealed by measurements in different bases. To obtain these results, we develop formulas to efficiently compute the diffusion coefficient---which characterizes the long-time current fluctuations---directly from the quantum master equation, thus connecting the formalisms of full counting statistics and stochastic quantum trajectories. Our findings highlight the rich features of current fluctuations near nonequilibrium phase transitions in quantum-optical systems.