Predicting Intense Levels of Child Anxiety During Anesthesia Induction at Hospital Arrival
Robin Eijlers, Lonneke M. Staals, Jeroen S. Legerstee, J. Berghmans, Elske M. Strabbing, Marc P. van der Schroeff, René Wijnen, Laura S. Kind, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Bram Dierckx, Elisabeth M. W. J. Utens
Abstract
In children, intense levels of anxiety during anesthetic induction are associated with a higher risk of pain, poor recovery, and emergence delirium. Therefore, it is important to identify these high-risk children at hospital arrival. The current study examined internalizing behavior (Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) and state anxiety measures (modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, mYPAS, and State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, STAIC) at hospital arrival as predictors of anxiety during induction of anesthesia. One hundred children (aged 4 to 12 years) undergoing elective daycare surgery were included. The STAIC and mYPAS at hospital arrival were significant predictors of anxiety during induction, whereas CBCL was not. The STAIC state form at hospital arrival was the strongest predictor and could be used to identify children who will experience intense levels of anxiety during anesthetic induction, with sufficient to good diagnostic accuracy. Using the STAIC at hospital arrival allows targeted interventions to reduce anxiety in children.