Poly(2-allylamidopropyl-2-oxazoline)-Based Hydrogels: From Accelerated Gelation Kinetics to <i>In Vivo</i> Compatibility in a Murine Subdermal Implant Model
Tim R. Dargaville, Damien G. Harkin, Jong‐Ryul Park, Amanda dos Santos Cavalcanti, Eleonore C. L. Bolle, Flávia Medeiros Savi, Brooke L. Farrugia, Bryn D. Monnery, Yann Bernhard, Joachim F. R. Van Guyse, Annelore Podevyn, Richard Hoogenboom
Abstract
A rapid photo-curing system based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline-co-2-allylamidopropyl-2-oxazoline) and its in vivo compatibility are presented. The base polymer was synthesized from the copolymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and the methyl ester containing 2-methoxycarboxypropyl-2-oxazoline (C3MestOx) followed by amidation with allylamine to yield a highly water-soluble macromer. We showed that spherical hydrogels can be obtained by a simple water-in-oil gelation method using thiol–ene coupling and investigated the in vivo biocompatibility of these hydrogel spheres in a 28-day murine subdermal model. For comparison, hydrogel spheres prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) were also implanted. Both materials displayed mild, yet typical foreign body responses with little signs of fibrosis. This is the first report on the foreign body response of a poly(2-oxazoline) hydrogel, which paves the way for future investigations into how this highly tailorable class of materials can be used for implantable hydrogel devices.