The soft $$ \mathcal{S} $$-matrix in gravity
E. Himwich, S.A. Narayanan, M. Pate, N. Paul, A. Strominger
Abstract
A bstract The gravitational $$ \mathcal{S} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:math> -matrix defined with an infrared (IR) cutoff factorizes into hard and soft factors. The soft factor is universal and contains all the IR and collinear divergences. Here we show, in a momentum space basis, that the intricate expression for the soft factor is fully reproduced by two boundary currents, which live on the celestial sphere. The first of these is the supertranslation current, which generates spacetime supertranslations. The second is its symplectic partner, the Goldstone current for spontaneously broken supertranslations. The current algebra has an off-diagonal level structure involving the gravitational cusp anomalous dimension and the logarithm of the IR cutoff. It is further shown that the gravitational memory effect is contained as an IR safe observable within the soft $$ \mathcal{S} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:math> -matrix.