A comprehensive review of solid-state lithium batteries: Fast Charging characteristics and in-operando diagnostics
Ruoxu Shang, Talyah Nelson, T Nguyen, Charlotte Nelson, Harsha Antony, Brian Abaoag, Mihrimah Ozkan, Cengiz S. Ozkan
Abstract
This comprehensive review article delves into the evolving landscape of solid-state batteries (SSBs), presenting a critical evaluation beyond the conventional lithium-ion technology. It meticulously explores the performance analysis, fast-charging capabilities, and in-operando characterization of SSBs. Amid growing demands for safer, higher energy density , and more sustainable energy storage solutions, SSBs emerge as a compelling alternative, promising to revolutionize applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles. This review begins with a detailed examination of the fundamental principles underpinning SSBs, including their unique architecture and the roles of solid electrolytes in enhancing safety and energy density. It then shifts focus to the pivotal aspect of fast charging – a critical parameter for consumer acceptance and market penetration of electric vehicles. The analysis extends to the intricacies of in-operando characterization techniques, which are essential for understanding the dynamic processes within SSBs during operation, thus offering insights into optimizing performance and longevity. By juxtaposing SSBs with conventional lithium-ion batteries, the review highlights the technological strides and hurdles ahead. Furthermore, it discusses the latest advancements in materials science, engineering strategies, and characterization methods that potentially address the current limitations of SSBs. Conclusively, this review not only underscores the significant progress in SSB technology but also outlines the roadmap and future directions for researchers and industry stakeholders aiming to harness the full potential of SSBs in next-generation energy storage systems.