Structure and size of complete hydration shells of metal ions and inorganic anions in aqueous solution
Ingmar Persson
Abstract
0.02 Å in aqueous solution in comparison with the corresponding X-O distance in the solid state. A linear correlation is observed between volume, calculated from the van der Waals radius of the hydrated ion, and the ionic diffusion coefficient in aqueous solution. This correlation strongly indicates that monovalent metal ions, except lithium and silver(I), and singly-charged monovalent oxoanions have a single hydration shell. Divalent metal ions, bismuth(III) and the lanthanoid(III) and actinoid(III) ions have two hydration shells. Trivalent transition and tetravalent metal ions have two full hydration shells and portion of a third one. Doubly charged oxoanions have one well-defined hydration shell and an ill-defined second one.