Multimodal Investigation of Neuroinflammation in Aviremic Patients With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Elite Controllers
Hasan Sari, Riccardo Galbusera, Guillaume Bonnier, Yang Lin, Zeynab Alshelh, Angel Torrado-Carvajal, Shibani S. Mukerji, Eva M. Ratai, Rajesh T. Gandhi, Jacqueline T. Chu, Oluwaseun Akeju, Vwaire Orhurhu, Andrew N. Salvatore, Janet Sherman, Douglas S. Kwon, Bruce Walker, Bruce Rosen, Julie C. Price, Lauren E. Pollak, Marco L. Loggia, Cristina Granziera
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: C]-PBR28 signal and quantitative MRI (qMRI) measures of brain tissue integrity such as T1 and T2 relaxation times (rts). METHODS: C]-PBR28 SUVR were performed using region of interest-based and voxelwise analyses. The relationship between inflammation, qMRI measures, and cognitive function was studied. RESULTS: C]-PBR28 signal in the thalamus and WM regions was related to a decrease in T2 rt and to an increase in T1 rt suggesting a colocalization of increased glial metabolism, decrease in microstructural integrity, and iron accumulation. DISCUSSION: This study casts a new light onto the role of neuroinflammation and related microstructural alterations of HIV infection in the CNS and shows that ECs suppress neuroinflammation more effectively than PWH on therapy.