Preconcentration and speciation analysis of mercury: 3D printed metal scavenger-based solid-phase extraction followed by analysis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Suvi Kulomäki, Elmeri Lahtinen, Siiri Perämäki, Ari Väisänen
Abstract
A selective method for preconcentration and determination of methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (iHg) in natural water samples at the ng L−1 level has been developed. The method involves adsorption of Hg species into a 3D printed metal scavenger and sequential elution with acidic thiourea solutions before ICP-MS determination. Experimental parameters affecting the preconcentration of MeHg and iHg such as the sample matrix, effect of the flow rate on adsorption, eluent composition, and elution mode have been studied in detail. The obtained method detection limits, considering the preconcentration factors of 42 and 93, were found to be 0.05 ng L−1 and 0.08 ng L−1 for MeHg and iHg, respectively. The accuracy of the method was assessed with a certified groundwater reference material ERM-CA615 (certified total iHg concentration 37 ± 4 ng L−1). The determined MeHg concentration was below MDL while iHg concentration was determined to be 41.2 ± 0.5 ng L−1. Both MeHg and iHg were also spiked to natural water samples at 5 ng L−1 concentration and favorable spiking recoveries of 88–97% were obtained. The speciation procedure was successfully applied to two lake water samples where MeHg and iHg concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 0.24 ng L−1 and 0.50–0.62 ng L−1, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate that the developed 3D printed metal scavenger-based method for preconcentration and speciation of Hg is simple and sensitive for the determination of Hg species at an ultra-trace level in water samples.