Fabrication, Surface Morphology, and Energy Storage Performance of MXene-Based Materials for Metal-Ion Batteries: A Review
Rajat Kumar Mishra, Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi, Zaireen Fatima, Rahul K. Singh, Chandkiram Gautam
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes, a class of transition metal carbides and nitrides (M n +1 X n T x where n = 1, 2, or 3), have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, making them highly promising for advanced energy storage applications. Their unique layered structure, high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and tunable surface chemistry make them highly suitable for next-generation metal-ion batteries, such as lithium-ion (LIBs), sodium-ion (SIBs), and potassium-ion (PIBs). This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MXene synthesis, structural characteristics, and electrochemical performance in various energy storage systems. MXenes contribute to improved battery performance by enabling rapid charge transfer, high ion diffusion rates, excellent structural integrity, and superior cycling stability. Their potential for hybrid electrodes and composite materials further enhances energy and power densities. However, challenges such as stability, scalability, and surface oxidation must be addressed to fully realize their potential. This review thoroughly analyzes these challenges and investigates innovative approaches to overcome them. Future prospects highlight the integration of MXenes into high-performance batteries, facilitating their practical implementation in next-generation energy storage systems. By pinpointing key research areas and addressing existing challenges, this review aims to expedite the progress and commercialization of MXene-based materials in sustainable energy technologies.